مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 10 (پیاپی 146، دی 1397)

 E. coli O157:H7 with its ability of quick implantation inside gastrointestinal tract that causes hemolytic uremic and bloody diarrhea in humans is an important subject to investigate. One of the effective ways to prevent these infections is using nanovaccines prepared from immunogenic recombinant protein from bacterial virulence factors. In this research, the chitosan encapsulated by recombinant protein of EIT with and without Stx2B were introduced to BALB/c mice and immunogenicity was evaluated and compared. In this experimental study the recombinant protein of EIT and Stx2B were nanoparticulated with chitosan through ionic gelation method after expression and purification with Ni-NTA column and approval by Western blotting. After Vaccinations antibodies against rStx2B and rEIT in the mice’s serum and feces were detected by ELISA. Challenge test for neutralization and protection against Stx2 toxin was applied with immunized serum by Fisher's exact test. Evaluation of IgA and IgG antibody levels in the mice’s serum and also the IgA level in their feces showed more appropriate immunity oral-injection groups with the both nanoparticulated antigens. The protection challenge study show that, the mice group which received rEIT+ rStx2B could neutralize the toxin activity significant difference (P<0.05) between test and control groups of mice was recorded. The data indicate these multiple vaccine candidates with both nanoparticulated recombinant proteins EIT and Stx2B with chitosan, provide more effective protection against of E. coli O157:H7

 Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a therapeutic goal in solid tumors; especially breast cancer. The use of drugs with natural compounds in the treatment of cancer is increasing because of exerting no adverse effects in normal cells. Crocin, as the main component of saffron, has been proved to have different biological activities on various types of malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crocin on growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis and expression of VEGF in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In this interventional study, MTT cytotoxic assay was performed to evaluate the cell death-inducing effects of crocin on MCF-7 cells growth at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 mg/mL for 24 to 48 hours. Annexin V/PI staining and realtime-PCR assay were used in order to determine the type of cell death and assess the changes in the expression pattern of VEGF gene, respectively. The nonparametric ANOVA test was applied for data analysis via SPSS software version 16 where p-value less than 0.05 were regarded statistically significant. Compared to untreated cells, crocin-treated MCF-7 cells demonstrated a significant decrease in growth at 24 and 48 hours in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of Flow-cytometry showed an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells coincident with increased crocin concentration. Also, decreased expression of the VEGF in a time-dependent manner was observed p<0.05). The results indicated that crocin induces marked apoptosis in a time-dependent manner while reducing the expression of VEGF in MCF-7 cells. More studies are required to confirm the efficacy of crocin as an anti-tumor agent for cancer therapies.

 Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important health challenges. There are gaps and contradictions in the results of existing studies on the factors associated with uncontrolled diabetes. This study was done in order to determine the factors affecting the inappropriate blood glucose control in the patients with diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was obtained from 216 patients with diabetes referring to three laboratories in Bushehr. The questionnaire included demographic variables, family status, lifestyle, clinical status, and comorbid diseases. Then, glycosylated hemoglobin and hemoglobin tests were performed on patients' blood samples. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24). Logistic regression test was used to measure the raw and modified relationship of different variables with the state of diabetes control. In all cases, the level of significance was less than 5%. From 216 patients with diabetes, 48.6% had uncontrolled diabetes. In the raw studies, there was a relationship between uncontrolled diabetes and family history of diabetes, as well as the number of family members and the clinical status. Regarding the type of drug and the duration of diabetes both in raw and modified comparison with other factors, there was a significant relationship with uncontrolled diabetes. In raw comparisons, there was no significant relationship between uncontrolled diabetes and age, gender, marital status, educational level, career, family structure, life style and comorbid diseases (P>0.05).  Nearly half of the patients had uncontrolled diabetes. There was a relationship between uncontrolled diabetes and the type of drug and duration of diabetes. There was no significant relationship between uncontrolled diabetes and demographic variables, family structure, life style and comorbid diseases.

 Swimming training and garlic intake can be a preventing factor in coronary artery disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine eight swimming exercises and garlic consumption on serum intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) values in obese male rats. In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats (mean weight 281 ± 5.9 gr) were randomly divided into four groups (control, garlic supplementation, swimming training,swimming training + garlic supplementation). Then, the training group received training sessions for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and the supplemented groups + supplementary supplement received 1 ml of garlic solution per kilogram of body weight per day. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and significant level (P ≤ 0.05). The findings showed that eight week training and intake garlic on the ICAM values of the rats significantly decreased. (P <0.05). However, there was no significant effect on the VCAM values of the male rats (P <0.05). It seems that the combination of two factors of swimming training and supplementation of garlic extract or exercise alone leads to a reduction in the levels of adhesive molecules and it is recommended to use it. However, in order to determine its impact, we need more research in human samples.

 Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used drugs in chemotherapy with many side effects; this fact has limited its use. In the present study, based on the knowledge of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, various formulations of the niosomal form of this drug were synthesized and surface optimizations were applied to the final selected formulation. The present study was an experimental study. Various formulations of niosomal systems were synthesized by the method of thin-film hydration and using Tween60 and cholesterol. Doxorubicin was encapsulated through niosome inactively. In the following, optimizations were made based on choosing two formulas out of six experimentally, then the effects of adding Tween20, DSPE-mPEG(2000) polymer and cationic phospholipid of DOTAP (respectively) was investigated. Then, physiochemical properties of nanocarriers were determined from the perspective of encapsulation efficiency, drug release profile under healthy and cancerous cells condition, hydrodynamic diameter, Poly Dispersity Index, zeta potential, morphology and Infrared spectroscopy(IR) spectrum. To plot the graphs and express the data Origin and Excel software were used, respectively. The optimized final niosome formula had 98.59 nm in diameter, 91.8±0.43, -3.5mV zeta potential and 0.196 PDI. The maximum release of drug from the nanocarrier under conditions of healthy and cancerous cells (37°C, pH=7.4 and 42°C, pH=5.4) after 48 hours was 62.3% and 76.5% respectively. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and IR assessments revealed spherical morphology and the absence of chemical interaction between nanocarrier and drug. The findings of this study prove this drug carrier to be semi-targeting. It also shows that niosome by specializing the drug delivery increases the effectiveness of drug and the life quality of patient while reducing the side effects, all without any change in the chemical nature of the drug.

 Ageing is associated with systemic inflammation. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) is a critical negative regulator of inflammation and its level was found to decrease with ageing. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of regular brisk walking on blood circulating levels of miR-146a and plasma levels of Interlukine-6 (IL-6) in sedentary elderly women. In this quasi-experimental study, 20 aged women (63.5±3.9 years) were randomly allocated to the endurance training (n=10), and control groups (n=10). Training group (TG) walked at 70-75% maximum heart rate reserve (HRRmax), three times a week for twelve weeks. Control group remained untrained during the study period. Blood samples were collected before and 72 hours after the last session of endurance training for measuring concentration of miR-146a and IL-6. Independent T-test, Paired T-test, Mann Whitney, and Wilcoxon were used after the data analysis base on normalization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and the significant level was set at P≤0.05. The results revealed that the levels of miR-146a increased (P=0.027) and the levels of IL-6 decreased (P=0.001) significantly in response to the endurance training protocol, and these changes were associated with a decrease in body mass index (BMI) (P=0.002). According to the result of the present study, brisk walking training may be considered as an effective training mode for helping to decrease the blood inflammatory factors. The findings also suggest that microRNAs can be improved, after regular walking, in old adult

Aging process is inevitable, which increases the risk of illness and death in people. Menopause occurs as a part of the aging process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin (Met) on muscle strength, anxiety and memory in ovariectomized mice Thiswas an experimental study. 96 female mice (Age 6 months) (20-25 g) were randomly divided into sex groups, including: (1) sham, (2) ovariectomized, (3 and 4) ovariectomized + Met (1 and 10 mg/kg) (5) Met 10 mg/kg, and (6) healthy. At first, the mice were ovariectomized and then received Met for six months. Muscle strength, memory, and anxiety in the exprimental groups was examined. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS16 and the differences between groups were analyzed by one way ANOVA. The results of the study showed Met with doses of 1 mg / kg and 10 mg significantly reduced the anxiety of mice (p = 0.0295 and p = 0.0024, respectively), increased memory (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0044, respectively) and at dose of 10 mg / kg it improved muscle strength (p = 0.0148) compared to the ovariectomy group. Metformin has beneficial effects on behavioural manifestations of aging and ovarectomy

Considering the importance of sperm parameters in fertility rate, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic broccoli extract on sperm parameters before and after freezing in male mice. In this experimental study, 28 male NMRI mice were divided into four groups of seven. Control group have not received any treatment, while the first, second, and third experimental groups received, 100, 200 and 300 mg / kg of hydro-alcoholic broccoli extract (prepared by Maceration method) using intra-peritoneal injection for 42 days, respectively. At the end of the period, blood serum was taken from mice to measure the catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde enzymes. Sperm concentration, the number of sperm, sperm viability percentage, motility, and sperm DNA fragmentation percentage were measured before and after the freezing. The lowest sperm concentration in the control group was 249 × 106 and the highest in the third experiment was 714 × 106 mio cubic meters. The highest sperm viability percentage and sperm motility in the third experiment was 96% and 98%, respectively. The reduction in the viability rate of sperm after treatment in the control group was about three to four times more than the experimental groups and these differences were significant (P = 0.005). The concentration of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme in the third experiment was 18.28 ± 2.66 and 56.36 ± 2.425, respectively. The difference was significant in the superoxide dismutase enzyme in other groups. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde was found to be 96.9 ± 1.40 nonomole/ micromole and significant with the control group. The 300 mg / kg dose of broccoli extract have the best effect on fresh and freezed sperm parameters, which could be related to the antioxidant effects of the extract.